Genetic Relationships Among Bengkulu Malay, Rejang, and Javanese Language: A Lexicostatistical and Glottochronological Analysis
Keywords:
Linguistic, Lexicostatistical, Glottochronological, Genetic RelationshipAbstract
The aim of this research was to examine the genetic relationship between three languages such as Bengkulu Malay (BMB), Rejang (BR), and Javanese (BJ) language. This present research is based on Comparative Historical Linguistic theory which has the purpose to discuss family languages by making comparisons of the elements that indicate the genetic relationship in languages. In this context, the study attempts to identify similarities and differences in basic vocabulary in order to trace the historical connections among those languages and to determine their degree of relatedness systematically and empirically. The data used in this research was in the form of 200 words of Swadesh vocabulary from informants which is native speakers of languages studied. These informants were carefully selected based on specific criteria, including being born and raised in the speech community, actively using the language in daily communication, and having minimal influence from other languages. The genetic relationship between languages was calculated by using Lexicostatistical and Glottochronology methods to measure the percentage of cognate words and to estimate the time of separation between the languages. The outcome of analysis shows several results such as: (1) BMB and BR is included in family language classification with the isolated time between 360 – 602 M, (2) BMB and BJ is included in stock language classification with the isolated time between 821 – 377 BM, and (3) BR and BJ are included in stock language classification with the isolated time between 1071 – 589 BM. The result shows that the genetic relationship between BMB and BR is closer than the relationship between BMB and BJ or BR and BJ. This finding is supported by the higher percentage of cognate vocabulary shared between BMB and BR compared to the other language pairs. From all the results, it can be said that the geographical relationship of languages influenced the isolated time between them, indicating that languages located in closer geographical areas tend to maintain stronger linguistic similarities, whereas those separated by greater distance demonstrate lower levels of lexical similarity and earlier divergence times. Overall, geographical proximity significantly shapes patterns of language change historically.
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